Concepts of Psychoanalytical Theory

Concepts of Psychoanalytical Theory Human beings have inherited three types personality which are Id, Ego and Superego. The fundamental one is Id where anatomical desires, wants needs are of in need of immediate attention. For example food, water, sex is in need if this is not obtained one can be restless and annoyed. Secondly is Ego, its aim is to fulfill desires of the id with a balance which is morally cultivated in the society. This will take some time as it will analyze to make balance and try not to be senseless and selfish. Lastly is Superego rationalizing things with more morale values. It knows how to decide what is right and wrong? It has clearer precise decisions and very firm. Id Ego and Superego creates the final output of our behavior. Id has an immediate need, Ego as reality and of what others think and Superego as in conclusive of morality. (Wallerstein, 2002) Defense mechanism is a process of the mind which is unreachable to the conscious mind but which affects behavior and emotions such as denial or distort. In real situation it tries to protect from feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease about something with unresolved issues during development can cause psychological upset. Psychological problems are linked to the unconscious. There are various ways which we suppress unwanted feelings into the unconscious mind which are through repression, reaction formation,  projection, regression,  sublimation, denial and Rationalization. (Bowins, 2004) Different therapist may work differently depending on the needs of the individuals that are seeking help from them. They however, will work on the following assumptions and concepts to surface repressed conflicts so that individuals can deal with It. Secondly manifest symptoms are caused by latent/hidden disturbance. Unresolved issues during development can cause psychological upset. Psychological problems are linked to the unconscious. The unconscious is where majority of the work of the mind gets fulfilled. It’s the store of instinctive skills the search for gut feelings and dreams, the tool of much information activated. Temporary instincts computes on the unconscious mind way before one can realize. The unconscious mind is not some lock-up of insupportable motives waiting to catch ones foot on something, but it can be the origin of unrelieved thoughts, fright, and approach that hinder with daily activities. Common sources of psychotherapy have goals to cultivate into conscious knowledge much of these delayed barriers, so that we can analyze them and choose how to gear them. (Joseph, 2012) Psychosexual developments which consist of five stages, as the following are Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latent and Genital. At each stage, satisfaction is identified on a certain part of the body. The variation of satisfaction in any one of these stages caused an obsessive interest, which would lead to disposition or psychological conditions. Firstly, in the oral stage new born baby are engrossed and seek a pleasure in sucking with the mouth lips and tongue at the mother’s breast, the mouth is a very active source. Babies are very dependent, if these needs are fulfilled then there already for the next stage. No satisfaction in this stage would lead to not trusting and very demanding in character and very dependent as an adult. This is followed by the Anal Stage, where the main focus is on anus which is defecating or retaining faces. Parent focus on toilet training for toddlers from the age of 1-3years. The baby has to control urges and also in behavioral terms. If this sense becomes too controlling or relaxed, it will lead to anal retention or anally expulsive which also focus character on orderliness and messiness. The third stage is the Phallic Stage, where a girl or boy between the age of 3- 6 focus on genitals which of majority gain satisfaction developed from resolving Oedipus/Electra complex, and cultivate an arousal for the opposite sex father or mother. The fixation for this would be deviancy and sexual dysfunction. Social morale values impose that these unfitting desires to be subdued, and when done with accomplishment, is followed by the Latency Stage which does not have any focus anatomically but develops defense mechanisms. Activities connected with physical attraction rest asleep until the next stage. The last stage is the Genital Stage is which occurs at the age of 12 onwards the focus is genital where an individual is reaching full sexual maturity. When sexual desires reawaken and is directed towards peers of the opposite sex. At each stage, conflicts must come to a successful resolution. Otherwise, it results in fixations that may cause psychological problems in the future. (Fritsch, 2013) Construction Personal theory sees a human in all angles, dismissing the difference between perception and verbal aspect. The sentimental value is seen as the realization of a transformation in analyzing. In warning, this change is in basic form, that midway to ones self. Self-reproach is the realization of behaving in a way which is incompatible with ones fundamental role, the establishment determining one’s usual ways of communicating with another person. Anxiety is the realization that ones form does not prepare one to foresee events. Aggression is the active elaboration of construing, while hostility is the attempt to extort evidence for a prediction rather than revising it when invalidated .Other strategies used to cope with invalidation and inconsistencies in construing include constricting ones world to exclude unpredictable events, and, conversely, dilating in an attempt to develop a way of construing the new experiences which one confronts. One may also loosen construi ng, making ones predictions less precise, or tighten, and more clearly define these predictions.(Kelly, 1955) The optimally functioning person is characterized by interplay of such strategies while formulating and revising constructions. However, in psychological disorder the person continues to employ a certain construction despite consistent invalidation. Over time, the practices in psychoanalysis have evolved since Sigmund Freud tinkering theories. Some of the basis of his theories has remained but there are others which were evolved and mutated, leaving a pluralistic diffusion of psychoanalytical viewpoints. Contemporary psychoanalysis provides inclusionary focus to include all current psychoanalytic theories together with the perceived relevant concepts from classical psychoanalysis. It also displays an interest in the self-person relations and person-cultural and social developments. In comparison, it dwells on what co-created between people, how individuals adapt to whom and where they are and also include negotiation relations of self to the internal and external factors of ongoing developments. There are without a doubt, limitations to psychoanalysis. The approach may lack a theory of interventions, often not focus on techniques which will render it difficult to replicate by other psychologist. The use of jargon seems rather to confuse than to serve as a means to clarify concepts which makes fundamentals tricky to understand. Terminologies such as Oedipus complex, electric complex may be outdated and irrelevant. (Rapaport Gill, 1959) Despite its limitations, psychoanalysis has the potential to offer an in-depth perspective of a person.Its holistic approach of considering developmental stages can allow further insights on an individual’s current behaviors. Besides clinical uses of psychoanalytic therapy as mentioned earlier, it can also be used for individuals who want to explore themselves. They can understand why they are the way they were, it can bring forth a sense of self and well-being. A single psychoanalytical therapy will not suffice as it requires multiple and long term therapy. As such, it may be a lesser option for those who are seeking quickly and problem based solutions therapy. Psychoanalytical therapy takes time and if adhered to, may provide a life changing results. (Plaut, 2011) Psychoanalytical therapy takes time and if adhered to, may provide a life changing results. According to (Great Ideas in Personality), one of the plus points of psychoanalytic theory is that it can be to explain the nature of human development and all aspects of mental functioning. Critics of psychoanalytic theory claim that it grossly exaggerates and generalizes human behavior. The best part of psychoanalytic theory is that it provides clients a chance to talk about their confusion with a therapist, who could help relieve signs of psychological stress. Even with this theory, most psychoanalytic theories are tough to conclude and most of the time it is overstress to the unconscious mind, sex, aggression and childhood. McAdams (2003) states that, â€Å"In conclusion, I believe there will not be one size that fits all treatments when it comes to human physical or mental health.† (pp.10-11).It should be complimented with evidence based theories and practices, medications if possible and if needed be, traditional intervention if it makes the individual comfortable and more confident in their overall treatment process. Sigmund Freud believes that an affected individual can be cured by making conscious of their unconscious thoughts and motivations to gain insights. Psychoanalysis therapy aims to release repressed experiences and emotions. It has many clinical applications especially in humanistic counseling to help patients / clients to bring about a positive change in their perspective towards life. Conditions such as depression and anxiety disorders can be treated effectively with psychoanalytic approach to a great extent. (Wilma ,2005)

My Response to the play Rainbows Ending Essays -- Drama

My Response to the play Rainbow's Ending. I quiet enjoyed reading the text "Rainbow's Ending". Here is a brief summary of the play: The story is about two giants, the world is peaceful, quiet and happy, until the giants have an argument over who is bigger, and have an eating competition. They eat anything and everything they can find, as they eat their way through the country. The rest of the country becomes helpless, dirty and noisy. Until one day the giants return and everything becomes a better place again! The group, in which I was in, came up with many imaginative ideas, for the particular scenes in which we worked on. I very much liked the idea of the superpowers of the two giants in the story, which the author Noel Greig wrote. We used his ideas from the text to create our own ideas. In scene 1 we used a lot of Physical theatre. We had the Sun, Empire State Building, Post Office Tower, trees, and the river. I particularly liked the way which we had four people being the river when it came to the lines "it was a sunny day the trout were almost queuing up to get themselves hooked" at this point we had the little old fisher woman with her fishing rod, by the river bank. The river was made by the four people, they were making wavy movements together, and the trout were two of the people quickly kneeling up towards the fisher woman, begging to get hooked. Then when it came to the next line " one giant lay down and started to lap up the wate...

Siddhartha Commentary: Bildungsroman

â€Å"Siddhartha† by Herman Hesse is neatly categorized under the Bildungsroman genre. Bildungsroman is a novel dealing with one person’s formative years or spiritual education. Throughout the whole novel Siddhartha, the main character, is confronted by many setbacks not only physically and emotionally but also spiritually. Siddhartha’s father was a Brahman and thus Siddhartha learnt the traditions through his own father. However, Siddhartha felt that he was missing something and this started his journey to enlightenment.Herman Hesse splits Siddhartha’s journey into three major locations. The confrontations that Siddhartha faces in the different location all relate to each other by three different aspects that affected Siddhartha. Mental situations, situations that involved human desire and spiritual situations are the three aspects that affected Siddhartha. Firstly, when Siddhartha encountered situation that involved his mentality, human teachers taught S iddhartha. Siddhartha was first taught by his father, the Head Brahman, through scriptures of ways to lead a blessed life.However, Siddhartha had already mastered the ways of the Brahman. He also felt that his soul could not be taught by scriptures because if he continued learning though scriptures he would just go on a â€Å"detour, (he) was getting lost†. Soon after, Siddhartha left the Brahman ways with Govinda to learn from the Samanas. Once again, Siddhartha’s teachers were humans. The duo was taught to deprive themselves of all sorts of pleasure and to be an â€Å"empty human†. After slowly mastering the ways of the Samanas, Siddhartha soon became bitter to his surroundings.He saw his world as one full of negative things. Siddhartha’s â€Å"glance turned to ice when he encountered women†, â€Å"merchants trading, princes hunting, mourners wailing for their dead, whores offering themselves, physicians trying to help the sick, priests determin ing the most suitable day for seeding, lovers loving, (and) mothers nursing their children†. Siddhartha’s mouth would always â€Å"twitch(ed) with contempt†. Siddhartha would also be absolutely numb to the world saying that â€Å"the world tasted bitter† and that â€Å"life was torture. †The Samanas also taught Siddhartha self-deprivation. Siddhartha â€Å"went the way of self-denial by means of pain, through voluntarily suffering† in the process of this, Siddhartha was able to overcome pain, hunger, thirst (and), tiredness. † Soon, Siddhartha acknowledged that the ways of the Samana was not able to achieve enlightenment. He told Govinda that the eldest Samana who has â€Å"lived for sixty years and has not reached the nirvana† so how were they supposed to attain enlightenment through the ways of the Samana if the eldest Samana hasn’t.Siddhartha shadowed behind the mental games that the ways of the both the Head Brahman an d eldest Samana. The way of the Brahman and the eldest Samana were only training Siddhartha’s mental but it did not touch even the slightest part of Siddhartha’s soul. Secondly, Siddhartha went through what I would consider a stage that lured him to somewhat go against what he learnt in the first part of the novel, which is accepting human desires and attending to them.The start of this journey was when he let Govinda stay with the Buddha while Siddhartha ventured out himself. Throughout this journey, Siddhartha’s teachers are humans. Siddhartha learns the art of love from a ‘teacher of love’ named Kamala and the ways of the rich by a merchant named Kalaswami. Siddhartha learnt how to see the beauty in things however, this led him to take advantage of his surrounding’s beauty. When Siddhartha left Govinda, it symbolized him letting go of his the teaching from the Samanas and Brahman.Once he let go, then Siddhartha was finally able to see the beauty of life, he saw â€Å"all of this, a thousand-fold and colourful, had always been there, always the sun and the moon had shone, always rivers had roared and bees had buzzed, but in former times all of this had been nothing more to Siddhartha than a fleeting, deceptive veil before his eyes, looked upon in distrust, destined to be penetrated and destroyed by though, since it was not the essential existence, since this essence lay beyond, on the other side of, the visible. Siddhartha then describes his ‘new life’ as a child-like laughter, he called it â€Å"beautiful and lovely†. As Siddhartha reaches the near village, Siddhartha sees a young woman and inside of him, there is a spark of lust that started the first fire. Siddhartha describes the feeling as one that made â€Å"his blood heating up†. Next, Kalaswami first sees Siddhartha as he â€Å"entered, a swiftly, smoothly moving man with very gray hair, with very intelligent, cautious eyes, with a greedy mouth†.Siddhartha seems to take note of the result of indulging in too much pleasure. Unfortunately, he doesn’t realize when he has become just like Kalaswami. Then Siddhartha finally realizes that pleasure is only temporary. Siddhartha sits and â€Å"he became aware of the strange life he was leading, of him doing lots of things which were only a game, of, though being happy and feeling joy at times, real life still passing him by and not touching him†. Siddhartha acknowledges again that through lust and desire, he was not able to attain enlightenment.So, he continued his journey. Lastly, Siddhartha went through his final stage that would be considered a stage that was about Siddhartha spiritually. At first, Siddhartha’s spiritual journey begins at the Jetavana Grove where the Buddha gave his teachings. The second part of Siddhartha’s spiritual journey, he was guided by a human named Vasudeva. However, unlike the other teachers that Siddhar tha had, Siddhartha learnt how to attain enlightenment through the river that he studied.Siddhartha’s first step to enlightenment was when he was just about to leave the Jetavana grove where the Buddha gave his teachings. As Siddhartha was just about to leave the grove, the Buddha smiled at him. At that point, Siddhartha was able to understand the tranquility behind the smile. Siddhartha also understood that peacefulness was the result of enlightenment. The proof was the Buddha, his â€Å"eyes quietly looked to the ground; quietly, in perfect equanimity his inscrutable face was smiling†. Through Siddhartha’s spiritual path, dreams came to Siddhartha.These dreams brought Siddhartha to a realization of how he was living in the past and they also guided Siddhartha is ways guided him on how he should live his life. Siddhartha’s dreams were manifestations of his consciousness. For example, Siddhartha’s internal ‘death’ through his indulgenc e of pleasure was represented by Kamala’s dead song bird. † At the last stage of Siddhartha’s spiritual journey, Siddhartha made many self-reflections while studying the river. This made him realize what he did in the past, what he was doing in the present and what he would do in the future.Siddhartha through the process of attaining enlightenment, he â€Å"stopped fighting his fate, (and) stopped suffering. On his face flourished the cheerfulness of a knowledge, which is no longer opposed by any will, which knows perfection, which is in agreement with the flow o f events, with the current of life, full of sympathy for the pain of others, full of sympathy for the pleasure of others, devoted to the flow, belonging to the oneness. † Siddhartha studied the river and when he did, Siddhartha finally found enlightenment.Throughout the novel, Siddhartha has had many different encounters with different people, animals and himself, Siddhartha changed from a boy to a man who’s eyes have been opened to the ‘new world’. Siddhartha’s goal that he had when he took the first step by leaving his house to join the Samanas was to attain enlightenment. With this goal in mind, Siddhartha was finally able to attain enlightenment with the help of the river. At first was boy who was hungry for the key to enlightenment even more for his hunger for new knowledge.During his lifelong journey Siddhartha went through many mental, physical and spiritual struggles he on the road to attain enlightenment. However, unlike the other teachers that taught him their different specialties’, Siddhartha’s teacher that helped him to enlightenment wasn’t a human but rather it was from one of Mother Nature’s creations, the river. The many changes in Siddhartha’s life caused Siddhartha going through the vital process of growth. In conclusion, Siddhartha by Herman Hesse is a bildungsroman.

The Divine Comedy